Historical Perspective
When our pioneering ancestors first arrived in North America, there
was no question about the value of trees. Wood formed the basis for much of life.
From houses and furniture to fences and bridges, wood was everywhere. In many places, it provided
most if not all of the fuel for cooking and heating homes. As small industries began,
wood and charcoal made from wood were the fuels that smelted the ore, fired the glass
furnace, and stoked the blacksmith's forge.
Along the Eastern seaboard, the pioneers were astonished at the
size and extent of the trees and forests. They seemed to run from the water's edge to the mountain tops.
The forests looked like an endless supply of valuable wood - something few had enjoyed
back in their European homelands. The problem in many places was too many trees, and cutting them down to create farm fields and
pastures was the major challenge.
But as populations grew, and cities and farms expanded, maintaining a supply of wood
became more and more difficult. By the Civil War, many communities were hard-pressed to obtain
wood. Many formerly forested regions were desolate, with the forests cut down and wildfires regularly sweeping across the land,
preventing new forests from emerging. By 1875, public concern was growing, and the first national
citizen's conservation organization, the American Forestry Association, began working
for improved conservation of trees and forests.
That conservation movement grew steadily throughout the 20th
Century, resulting in the protection of parks, the establishment of National and State Forests, and the growth of
conservation programs to help private landowners manage forests. Trees became a
critical part of the soil and water conservation district program that grew out of the
Dust Bowl of the 1930's, as conservationists planted trees to protect hillsides and
streambanks from erosion, and established windbreaks to tame soil blowing on exposed croplands.
The science of forestry developed rapidly, and as people learned more about these North American forests and
how they differed from those of Europe, the ability to manage them improved as well.
As the American population continued to grow and concentrate in cities, attention to the management of urban
forests increased.